In recent years, a growing number of cities and counties in California and beyond have introduced legislation that seeks to phase out the use of natural gas in new buildings. The primary reason for this shift is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve indoor air quality. While there are many ways to reduce emissions, transitioning from gas to electric appliances is one of the most impactful.
In July 2019, Berkeley, California became the first city in the state to introduce legislation that would phase out gas piping in new buildings, with some exceptions. Since then, roughly 30 cities and counties have adopted similar ordinances that either support or require the construction of all-electric buildings.
A study published by the University of California, Berkeley, found that all-electric homes performed better than mixed-fuel buildings, in terms of both GHG emissions reductions and abatement costs associated with the construction of buildings compliant with the Title 24 California Building Standards. Specifically, electrifying space and water heating appliances could lead to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
In addition to reducing emissions, there are several other reasons why homeowners should consider switching from gas to electric appliances. For instance, all-electric homes have lower maintenance costs, no direct greenhouse gas emissions, and lower energy bills. However, there are some challenges associated with switching to electric appliances, particularly for low-income consumers. The high up-front costs of purchasing high-efficiency electric appliances can be a barrier to entry, and many low-income consumers may struggle to make the switch to electric without incentives or assistance.
One of the most significant benefits of switching from gas to electric appliances is improved indoor air quality. Gas stoves and ovens produce several troubling combustion pollutants that can be harmful to human health. For example, carbon monoxide (CO) exposure can cause severe damage to brain tissue, potentially resulting in long-term or even permanent neurological issues like seizures, dementia, and memory loss. Additionally, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and other pollutants can contribute to respiratory issues like bronchitis and asthma.
PM2.5, or fine particulate matter, is a type of air pollution made up of particles that are 2.5 micrometers or smaller in size. These particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, causing a range of health effects including respiratory problems, heart disease, and even premature death. Exposure to PM2.5 is particularly dangerous for vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions.
Switching to electric appliances can also help address ventilation issues that are common in many homes. Many gas stoves lack adequate exhaust ventilation, which can leave occupants breathing in toxic pollutants in a poorly ventilated space. This is particularly concerning for tenants who rely on landlords to properly vent and install range hoods. Inadequate ventilation has been associated with higher concentrations of indoor air pollutants, including NO2, PM2.5, and VOCs, as well as adverse health outcomes.
In conclusion, phasing out gas appliances in homes is an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve indoor air quality, and save energy. While there are challenges associated with making the switch to electric and induction cooktops, it is clear that the benefits outweigh the costs. As more cities and counties introduce legislation to phase out natural gas, it is likely that we will see a growing number of homes transition to all-electric appliances in the coming years.